Fig. 1

Global framework of the study. The green box (left) represents the experimental design of RNA-Seq study. We selected 12 Holstein cows, among which eight were ketosis (BHBA> 1.4 mmol/L), and the remaining four were healthy (BHBA< 1.4 mmol/L). We collected the whole blood samples from each individual before (2 weeks; prepartum) and after (5 days; postpartum) calving, respectively. The other green boxes (right) demonstrate materials used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in cattle and phenome-wide association studies (Phe-WAS) in human. The orange boxes are for data generating, including RNA-Seq and seven blood bio-indicators data from all 24 blood samples, GWAS of six traits (livability; ketosis, KETO; displaced abomasum, DSAB; hypocalcemia, CALC; mastitis, MAST; metritis, METR) and Phe-WAS data (https://atlas.ctglab.nl/). The brown box shows major bioinformatics and statistical analyses involved in the study