Fig. 4

Gene co-expression modules enriched with GWAS signals of ketosis and other five health traits in cattle. a GWAS signal enrichment results for all 16 gene modules obtained from WGCNA. The six traits include ketosis (KETO), mastitis (MAST), displaced abomasum (DSAB), metritis (METR), hypocalcemia (CALC) and livability. The statistical significance of enrichment was calculated using the 10,000 times permutation test, followed by multiple testing correction using the FDR method, where “*” means FDR < 0.05. Four modules marked in red are significantly associated with ketosis. b Correlation between GWAS enrichment of ketosis and module-states associations from WGCNA across all 16 modules in the ketosis post-partum group, where r means Pearson’s correlation and P reflects the statistical significance. c Manhattan plot for ketosis GWAS (left), where the significant cut-off is P-value <5e-08. The red dashed box corresponds to the top QTL of ketosis, which is zoomed in (right) for reflecting locations and significant levels of five candidate genes (red line: P-value <10e-05). d The locations and significant levels of candidate genes in DSAB and livability (red line: P-value < 0.05)