Fig. 5

Expression of candidate heat-shock biomarkers in a blind heat-shock trial. Protein expression (normalized LFQ intensity) was normalized to the protein with the lowest variance across all the spermatheca samples (XP_623495.1, V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit). The heat-shock and control data were previously published. The blind queens were randomized into experimental groups (heat-shock (HS) and control) by a third party and groupings were only revealed after the data were plotted. Queens in the HS group were exposed to 40 °C for 2 h, whereas queens in the control group were held at 27 °C. The prediction accuracy of candidate marker XP_001120006.2 outperformed the candidate marker XP_395659.1