Table 1 Reported cases of frontonasal dysplasia (FND) in ruminants with their phenotypes
From: De novo ZIC2 frameshift variant associated with frontonasal dysplasia in a Limousin calf
Species | Breed | Phenotype | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Cattle | Hereford | Holoprosencephaly, arhinencephaly, hypotelorism | Cho et al. (1985) [9] |
Holstein Frisian | Cyclopia | Hammoda and Abdoud (1989) [10] | |
Japanese Brown | Median cleft of the face, shortened upper jaw, ocular hypertelorism, | Moritomo et al. (1999) [11] | |
German Fleckvieh | Cyclopia and arhinia | Schulze and Distl (2006) [1] | |
Holstein | Cyclopia, holoprosencephaly | Kim et al. (2006) [12] | |
Brown Swiss crossbreed | Cyclopia with prosencephalic aplasia, brachygnathia superior and arrhinia | ÖZcan et al. (2006) [13] | |
Crossbreed | Cyclopia, absent muzzle and all the skeletal structures of the nose, protruding tongue | Malik et al. (2013) [14] | |
Crossbreed | Mild hypotelorism, microphthalmia, cheiloschisis, arhinencephaly | Osman et al. (2013) [15] | |
Holstein crossbreed | Synophthalmia, arrhinia | Nourani et al. (2014) [16] | |
Holstein | Shortening of the nasal structures, micrognatia superior, shortened mandibles, protrusion of the tongue, bilateral eye prolapse, brain malformations | Agerholm et al. (2017) [17] | |
Buffalo | Surti | Shortened upper jaw, prolonged lower jaw, protruding tongue, nose divided by furrows, hydrocephalus | Pandey et al. (2010) [18] |
Murrah | Cyclopia with cleft palate and complete absence of muzzle | Singh et al. (2013) [19] | |
Mediterranean River | Underdeveloped incisive, maxillary and nasal bones with a consequent tongue prolapse, and lower jaw deformities | Albarella et al. (2017) [20] | |
Sheep | Texel | Aprosencephaly with otocephaly | Brachthäuser et al. (2012) [21] |
Cabugi hair sheep | Domed head with a short nasal bone and curved mandible | Dantas et al. (2014) [22] | |
– | Cyclopia (monkey face lamb disease) | Welch et al. (2009) [23] | |
Goat | Balady | Cyclopia with small upper jaw and large protruded lower jaw | Rashed et al. (2014) [24] |