Table 5 The genes with high frequency in 20 “sKLD-signaling genes” groups in the critical stage (stage IIIB) for STAD
From: Identifying critical state of complex diseases by single-sample Kullback–Leibler divergence
Gene | Frequency | Location | Family* | Relation with cancer progression |
|---|---|---|---|---|
COL10A1 | 19 | Extracellular Space | other | COL10A1 promotes invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer through transcriptional regulation of SOX9 and the involvement of the TGF-β signaling pathway [57]. |
BGN | 18 | Extracellular Space | other | BGN promote tumor invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer both in vitro and in vivo [58]. |
CTHRC1 | 18 | Extracellular Space | other | CTHRC1 may be associated with metastasis in human gastric cancer [59]. Let-7b inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through targeting CTHRC1 in gastric cancer [60]. |
SALL4 | 18 | Nucleus | transcription regulator | Enforced expression of SALL4 not only enhances the proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells, but promotes the growth and metastasis of gastric xenograft tumor in vivo [61]. |
MMP11 | 18 | Extracellular Space | peptidase | Knockdown of MMP11 inhibits proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells [62]. |
MAP4K4 | 18 | Cytoplasm | kinase | MAP4K4 overexpression promotes cancer progression or metastasis [63, 64]. |
SOX4 | 18 | Nucleus | transcription regulator | MiR-211 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer by down-regulating SOX4 [65]. |
FOXS1 | 17 | Nucleus | transcription regulator | Overexpression of FOXS1 in gastric cancer cell lines can inhibit proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor through downregulating wnt/β-catenin pathway [66]. |