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Table 8 Summary of the gene expression patterns of influential enzymes and other proteins in lipogenesis (all data log2 normalised mean expression). P values are reported for both DE and PIF (based on the SC versus IMF comparison). Given no additional criteria have been applied here to de-emphasise the effect of LD contamination the P values reported in this table do need to be interpreted cautiously. The muscle isoform of PFK (PFKM) is a case in point, as the extreme P value awarded is almost certainly a consequence of LD contamination in the IMF samples

From: Gene expression identifies metabolic and functional differences between intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes in cattle

Pathway

Pathway flux control enzymes and proteins

Gene

Probe

Cellular localisation

LD

IMF

SC

IMF vs SC FC

IMF minus SC (log2)

P value (DE / PIF)

Glucose transport into cell

Facilitated glucose transporter (not an enzyme, stimulated by insulin)

SLC2A4 (GLUT4)

A_73_P102656

Membrane

8.08

8.09

7.83

1.19

0.26

0.32 / 0.38

Glycolytic flux

Hexokinase; EC 2.7.1.1

HK1

A_73_115982

Mitochondrion

13.31

13.90

14.05

–1.10

–0.14

0.23 / 0.24

HK2

A_73_P082146

10.66

10.38

10.50

–1.08

–0.12

0.26 / 0.29

HK3

A_73_109966

6.63

7.24

7.85

–1.53

–0.61

0.0194 / 0.0883

PFKL

A_73_109643

12.57

13.24

13.51

–1.19

–0.26

0.14 / 0.14

Phosphofructokinase; EC 2.7.1.11

PFKM

A_73_P050301

Cytosol

14.87

14.45

12.38

4.19

2.07

0.0000000049 / 2.68e-10

PFKP

A_73_P118106

9.65

10.45

10.61

–1.12

–0.16

0.22 / 0.26

PFKFB1

A_73_112668

10.77

10.38

9.77

1.53

0.61

0.0689 / 0.10

PFKFB2

A_73_109539

8.03

7.75

7.55

1.15

0.20

0.38 / 0.44

PFKFB3

A_73_P073546

11.70

11.55

11.84

–1.22

–0.29

0.12 / 0.14

PFKFB4

A_73_P500153

15.22

14.81

13.63

2.27

1.18

0.000835 / 0.0000537

PKM

A_73_P100636

10.65

10.10

8.12

3.94

1.98

0.000000022 / 0.0000145

Pyruvate kinase; EC 2.7.1.105

PKLR

A_73_P030011

Cytoplasm, cytosol, mitochondrion

6.28

6.38

6.17

1.16

0.21

0.37 / 0.46

Pyruvate metabolism

Pyruvate carboxylase; EC 6.4.1.1

PC

A_73_P426106

Mitochondrion

12.09

12.46

13.20

–1.67

–0.74

0.00723 / 0.00546

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; EC 2.7.11.2

PDK1

A_73_117436

Mitochondrion

6.34

6.37

6.60

–1.18

–0.24

0.168 / 0.27

PDK2

A_73_117896

Mitochondrion

14.14

13.87

13.76

1.08

0.11

0.48 / 0.44

PDK3

A_73_114206

Mitochondrion

10.00

10.43

10.11

1.25

0.32

0.26 / 0.28

PDK4

A_73_119171

Mitochondrion

15.02

14.88

14.41

1.38

0.47

0.14 / 0.0728

Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase; EC 3.1.3.43

PDP1

A_73_110779

Mitochondrion

6.56

6.34

5.83

1.43

0.52

0.11 / 0.29

Pyruvate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.4.1

PDHA1

A_73_111180

Mitochondrion

16.42

16.09

15.89

1.15

0.20

0.38 / 0.28

Citrate transport out of mitochondria and subsequent conversion into Acetyl CoA

ATP citrate lyase; EC 2.3.3.8

ACLY

A_73_111688

Cytoplasm, cytosol, mitochondrion

11.32

11.89

12.12

–1.18

–0.24

0.16 / 0.17

FA synthesis de novo

Acetyl CoA carboxylase; EC 6.4.1.2

ACACA

A_73_P038926

Cytoplasm, cytosol, mitochondrion

6.13

6.90

7.74

–1.79

–0.84

0.0031 / 0.042

Fatty acid synthase; EC 2.3.1.85

FASN

A_73_P174332

Golgi, cytoplasm, cytosol, mitochondrion

16.08

17.23

17.94

–1.63

–0.71

0.00918 / 0.000528

FA elongation to C18:0

Fatty acid elongase 6; EC 2.3.1.199

ELOVL6

A_73_P404726

Endoplasmic reticuluum

9.33

10.83

11.51

–1.61

–0.69

0.0116 / 0.0175

Desaturation to C18:1

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9-desaturase); EC 1.14.19.1

SCD

A_73_P252739

Endoplasmic reticuluum

14.46

15.33

16.47

–2.20

–1.14

0.000153 / 0.00000163

Supply of reducing power

NADP malate dehydrogenase (Malic enzyme); EC 1.1.1.82

ME1

A_73_118619

Cytosol, mitochondrion

11.23

11.50

12.02

–1.43

–0.52

0.0355 / 0.0427

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; EC 1.1.1.49

G6PD

A_73_P168952

Cytoplasm, cytosol

6.28

7.11

7.52

–1.33

–0.41

0.0688 / 0.16

Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; EC 1.1.1.44

PGD

A_73_113428

Cytosol

14.29

15.04

15.63

–1.51

–0.59

0.0223 / 0.0743

NADP Isocitrate dehydrogenase; EC1.1.1.42 b

IDH1

        

Esterification c

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferasea; EC 2.3.1.15

GPAM

A_73_P396821

Mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum

12.97

13.71

14.09

–1.3

–0.38

0.0811 / 0.0647

Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2; EC 2.3.1.20

DGAT2

A_73_118582

Endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm

14.51

15.86

16.72

–1.82

–0.86

0.00238 / 0.000132

Preformed FA from blood

Lipoprotein lipase; EC 3.1.1.34

LPL

A_73_108260

Cell surface membrane

15.27

16.06

16.35

–1.22

–0.29

0.128 / 0.0847

Lipolysis (triacylglycerides to diacylglycerides to monoglycerides)

Hormone sensitive lipase; EC 3.1.1.79

LIPE

A_73_101039

Cytosol

10.23

11.16

11.57

–1.33

–0.41

0.0688 / 0.0861

Adipose triglyceride lipase; EC 3.1.1.3

PNPLA2

A_73_P052461

Cytosol, endoplamic reticulum, lipid particle

15.61

15.91

16.30

–1.31

–0.39

0.0768 / 0.0391

Monoglyceride lipase; EC 3.1.1.23

MGLL

A_73_104056

Cytosol, endoplasmic reticuluum

15.19

15.30

15.78

–1.39

–0.48

0.0456 / 0.0203

Perilipin

PLIN2

A_73_P044606

Cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid particle

12.33

12.63

13.31

–1.61

-0.69

0.0116 / 0.00793

Carrier proteins

Fatty acid binding protein 4 (not an enzyme, quantitative impact on process not known?)

FABP4

A_73_113342

Cytoplasm, cytosol

10.69

12.67

13.13

–1.38

-0.46

0.0515 / 0.0469

  1. aGPAM (alias GPAT1) a quantitatively influential enzyme of esterification according to [14]
  2. bCytosolic NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) is not registered as expressed in our fat depot mRNA data
  3. c While not considered rate-limiting for esterification (and glycerolipid synthesis) we wish to draw attention to the expression profiles for a number of additional genes in these two pathways as some have expression profiles indicating higher activity in the IMF than the SC (that cannot be explained by LD muscle contamination) (Table 9)
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BMC Genomics

ISSN: 1471-2164

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