Fig. 1

Regulatory regions characterized in this study. Active enhancers are typically located in regions of open chromatin and nucleosomes in their vicinity are marked by histone modifications H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 mono-methylation. By contrast, H3K4 tri-methylation defines active promoters [10]. We considered signals of active enhancers and promoters, as well as transposase (Tn5)-accessible chromatin regions, in the developing human brain (from 5 to 20 post-conception weeks) that harbor modern human single-nucleotide changes filtering out those regulatory regions that also contain Neanderthal/Denisovan changes. Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data revealed the genes controlled by these regulatory regions