Fig. 1

Substantial overlap between cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and aging at transcriptomic level. a. Venn diagram representing the overlap between age- and CS-regulated genes (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05 and log₂ fold-change > log₂(1.5). b. Comparison of the first principal component loadings for age- and CS-related gene expression changes across all datasets. Age-related changes were computed only for sham samples (e.g., sham_6m minus sham_1m, 28 such comparisons, inertia 30.3%). CS-related changes were computed by comparing 3R4F samples to the corresponding sham controls (e.g., 3R4F_6m minus sham_6m, 14 such comparisons, inertia 22.4%). c. Similar to B, the maximum fold change (MFC) across studies in relation to aging in sham groups (x-axis) is compared to MFC for 3R4F versus the corresponding sham control (y-axis). Genes commonly deregulated by aging and CS exposure on the basis of the FDR-adjusted p-value and fold change cut-offs (see Methods) are colored green in b and c. The top deregulated genes are labeled in red