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Table 1 Samples individually genotyped for subspecies classification (NTOT = 3896) consisting of individual samples from the pool sequencing (in bold, N = 1998, excluding 62 outliers) and new independent samples (N = 1908). Samples were collected from their native range and labelled based on previous studies, morphometric analysis or local knowledge (see Methods sections and Table S1). 70% of pool sequencing samples (N = 1391) were used as training data for building the model, while the remaining 30% (N = 597) together with the independent samples (NTotal = 2505) were considered as out-of-sample data for subsequent validation

From: Authoritative subspecies diagnosis tool for European honey bees based on ancestry informative SNPs

Evolutionary lineage

Subspecies

Sampling country

Pool name / Sampling group

N

NTOT

A

A. m. ruttneri

Malta

rut_mlt

91

187

MLT

96

C

A. m. adami

Crete, Greece

ada_grc

82

82

A. m. carnica

Austria & Hungary

car_aut_hun

93

825

Croatia & Slovenia

car_svn_hrv

95

Croatia

HRV

94

Denmark

DNK

89

France

FRA

8

Germany

GER

282

Poland

POL

40

Serbia

SRB

49

Slovenia

SVN

75

“A. m. carpatica”

Romania & Moldova

carp_rou_mda

86

86

A. m. cecropia

France

FRA

4

4

Greece

cec_grc

93

140

GRC

47

A. m. ligustica

Italy

lig_ita

84

143

ITA

59

A. m. macedonica

N. Macedonia & N-Greece

mac_mkd_grc

86

429

Greece

GRC

49

N. Macedonia

MKD

96

Germany

GER

198

“A. m. rodopica”

Bulgaria

rod_bgr

84

84

M

A. m. iberiensis

Spain & Portugal

ibe_esp_west_prt

94

460

Spain

ibe_esp_eus

96

ibe_esp_north

91

ibe_esp_south

64

ESP

115

A. m. mellifera

Belgium

BEL

96

1066

Denmark

mel_dnk

96

DNK

97

Finland

FIN

15

France

FRA

49

Ireland

mel_irl

96

Isle of Man

mel_imn

92

Norway

NOR

12

Poland

POL

33

Russia

mel_rus

96

Scotland

SCT

280

Sweden

SWE

8

Switzerland

mel_che

96

O

A. m. anatoliaca

Turkey

ana_tur

94

94

A. m. remipes

Armenia

rem_arm

90

90

A. m. caucasia

Poland

cau_tur_geo

96

113

Denmark

DNK

4

NE-Turkey & Georgia

POL

13

A. m. cypria

Cyprus

cyp_cyp

93

93

Total

    

3896