Fig. 3

Surface charge distribution of the elongation and release factors. On the left of every panel, the 70S ribosome (grey ribbons) bound translation factor (inset, red ribbon) had been used as a thumbnail to reveal the corresponding orientation of translation factors shown next to it on the middle. The surface charges of the translation factors are shown in the middle. At the right of every panel surface charges of the translation factors had been displayed in 180 degree rotated state along the horizontal plane: The red dotted box (inset) indicated the location of the translation factors bound with 70S ribosome; EF-Tu – 70S ribosome (PDB ID: 5AFI) [47], EF-G – 70S ribosome (PDB ID: 3JA1) [48], EF-4 – 70S ribosome (PDB ID: 5J8B) [49], EF-P – 70S ribosome (PDB ID: 6ENJ) [50], RF1 – 70S ribosome (PDB ID: 6DNC) [51], RF2 – 70S ribosome (PDB ID: 5MDV) [52], and RF3 – 70S ribosome (PDB ID: 6GXM) [53]. The gray dotted boxes showed the surface charge distribution of the elongation and release factors [13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. All the domains of these factors were marked on the right side and the left side of their structures. The calculated electrostatic net charge of EF-Tu (PDB ID: 2FX3) was − 1.40e +01e, EF-G (PDB ID: 3J0E) was − 1.50e +01e, EF-4 (PDB ID: 3DEG) was − 2.00e +01e, EF-P (PDB ID: 3OYY) was − 8.00e +00e, RF1 (PDB ID: 4V7P) was − 1.40e +01e, RF2 (PDB ID: 5MGP) was − 2.60e +01e, RF3 (PDB ID: 4 V85) was − 7.00e +00e. Red and blue colour indicated negative charge and positive charge respectively whereas white colour indicates neutral charge