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Table 5 Metabolite concentrations (ng/mg of total protein) in liver tissue from 4-d old Holstein calves (n = 6/group) born to cows randomly assigned to receive a basal control (CON) diet from −28 ± 2 d to parturition [1.47 Mcal/kg dry matter (DM) and 15.3% crude protein (CP)] with no added Met or CON plus ethyl cellulose Met (MET, Mepron®, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany)

From: Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows

Metabolite, (ng/mg of total protein)

Maternal diet

SEM

p-value

CON

MET

1-Carbon metabolism

 Adenosine

3,855

8,411

1,052

0.02

 Methionine

979.29

1,566

254.08

0.29

 Betaine

15,282

21,058

3,424

0.44

 Choline

3,165

4,550

500.53

0.19

 Glycine

9,643

19,085

2,035

0.01

 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid

8.06

12.08

2.67

0.49

 N,N-Dimethylglycine

33.67

55.76

7.74

0.18

 S 5′ Adenosyl homocysteine

320.39

426.08

55.01

0.37

 S 5′ Adenosyl methionine

773.97

630.38

74.81

0.36

 Butyrobetaine

69.95

112.76

14.61

0.17

Transsulfuration

 Cystathionine

346.41

738.41

95.37

0.04

 Cysteine

1,438

2,898

437.86

0.12

 Cysteinesulfinic acid

641.98

1,471

213.39

0.06

 Glutamylcysteine

909.72

1,041

144.79

0.67

 Glutathione

19,575

21,762

2,557

0.69

 Hypotaurine

2,929

5,879

1,080

0.20

 Serine

3,663

7,387

770.19

0.01

 Taurine

56,308

117,719

13,488

0.03

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

 Ketoglutaric acid

468.75

541.95

57.50

0.55

 Fumarate

1,775

3,504

419.50

0.04

 Glutamate

33,518

65,748

7,593

0.04

 NAD

10,074

23,436

2,829

0.01

 FAD

2,563

4,017

464.71

0.14

 NADH

3,796

7,733

994.65

0.05

 Pyruvate

1,656

1,974

293.37

0.62

 Malic acid

7,591

8,053

1,367

0.90

 NAD/NADH

2.75

3.68

0.47

0.35

Other

 Glutamine

2,567

5,256

1,216

0.36

 Carnitine

688.15

1170

160.62

0.16

Bile acids

 Glycocholic acid

6,444

10,845

1,054

0.05

 Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

2,627

5,438

666.36

0.04

 Taurocholic acid

1,829

3,106

271.17

0.02

 Lithocholic acid

7,796

26,284

3,501

0.01

 Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

1,738

3,010

320.82

0.06