Fig. 4
Demographic history of the duck populations. a Dynamic changes in the effective population sizes (Ne) of six duck breeds inferred by PSMC. MA, mallards; SB, Chinese spot-billed ducks; FH, Fenghua ducks; SX, Shaoxing ducks; SM, Shanma ducks; CV, Cherry Valley Pekin ducks. The gray-shaded area (from left to right) refers to the Last Glaciation, the Penultimate Glaciation and the Naynyxungla Glaciation [28]. b The temperature from 10 KYA to 1000 KYA [29] (c) Sea level changed from 10 KYA to 1000 KYA [30]