Fig. 4

Manhattan and QQ-plots of genomewide associations of the P. effusa race 16 resistance in spinach using SMR (4A), GLM (4B) and MLM (4C) model in TASSEL. The horizontal axis in the plot represents the physical position of the SNP in the genome and the vertical axis shows the association power of each SNP with the trait expressed as -log₁₀(P-value). The dashed line shows the Bonferroni-corrected genomewide threshold