Fig. 4From: Genome-wide association screening and verification of potential genes associated with root architectural traits in maize (Zea mays L.) at multiple seedling stagesManhattan plot of all potential significant SNPs associated with each root-related trait at each specific stage (V1, V2, and V3). 1, 2, 3 refer to EMMAX, FarmCPU, and MLM, respectively. RDW = root dry weight; RDW/SDW = root per shoot dry weight; TRL = total root length; SUA = surface area; ARD = average root diameter; ROV = root volume; RBN = root branching numberBack to article page