Fig. 4

Enzyme-constrained Genome Scale Modeling (ecGEM) predicts high NGAM on glucose and poor ATP generation on ethanol for the single chromosome strain. a An ecGEM was constructed to predict wildtype and SY14 ATP expenditure on non-growth associated maintenance (NGAM) when using glucose as the sole carbon source. A model reflecting the disrupted ORFs and differentially expressed genes was constructed to model growth on EtOH as the sole carbon source (b), ethanol consumption rates in SY14 (c), and max NGAM (d). Diagrams representing the growth defects in SY14 when using glucose (e) or EtOH (f) as the sole carbon source. Line thickness is indicative of relative flux for reference (black) and SY14 (red). g Enzymes predicted to rescue growth defect of SY14 on ethanol were enriched for GO terms related to energy generation