Table 3 List of genes overlapping candidate age-related genes found in humans and with differential expression between PP (highly expressed) and MP > 3 (highly expressed) cows

PP

CCR7

darkred

Control the migration of memory T cells to inflamed tissues, as well as stimulating dendritic cell maturation

[28]

CD27

midnightblue

Required for generation and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity

[28]

FOXO1

midnightblue

Transcription factor which may play a role in myogenic growth and differentiation

[29]

IL7R

midnightblue

Plays a critical role during lymphocyte development (age and longevity expression association)

[30]

CAMK4

midnightblue

Implicated in transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells (longevity genetics candidate)

[31]

CD28

midnightblue

Essential for T-cell proliferation and survival, cytokine production, and T-helper type-2 development

[28]

WRN

yellow

RecQ helicase important in the maintenance of genome stability. Mutations cause Werner syndrome (premature ageing)

[32]

MRPS27

yellow

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein assisting protein synthesis within the mitochondrion (mitochondrial ageing)

[33]

MRPS9

yellow

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein assisting protein synthesis within the mitochondrion (mitochondrial ageing)

[33]

MRPS31

orange

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein assisting protein synthesis within the mitochondrion (mitochondrial ageing)

[33]

MP > 3

SREBF1

black

Transcription factor involved in sterol biosynthesis

[29]

ANXA5

turquoise

Potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation

[34]

LYZ

turquoise

Antimicrobial peptide

[34]

CTSZ

turquoise

Lysosomal cysteine protease with role in immune defense

[34]

ADARB1

turquoise

Enzyme in the A (adenosine) to I (inosine) RNA editing pathway, involved in a general maintenance of cellular health (longevity genetics candidate)

[35]

GRN

turquoise

Granulin precursor protein which regulates cell growth. Also, co-ordinates CpG trafficking to TLR9, promoting activation of signalling cascade

[34]