Table 4 Partition scheme of 54 concatenated chloroplast protein-coding genes used in this study

1

LG + I + G

rps12, chlL, atpB, atpA

GTR + I + G

atpA, rps19, tufA, atpF, atpI, ycf12, petL

2

LG + G

atpF, chlN, atpE

GTR + I + G

psaJ, psbZ, psbB, psaB, petD, psbD, psbK, petB, ycf3, psbH, rpl16, atpB, rpl14

3

MTZOA+G + F

psbM, petB, psbI, psbE, psbT, psbN, atpH, psbD, psbB, psaA, psaB

GTR + I + G

ycf4, rps12, rpl2, atpE

4

CPREV+G

rps19, atpI, chlB, rpl16, rpl2, rpl5

GTR + G

atpH, psbA

5

CPREV+G

rps14, rpl20, rps9, cemA, ycf4

GTR + G

psbM, psbI, psaC, psbL, psbF, psbE, cemA, rpl36, rps14

6

JTT + G + F

rps18, rps8, rpl23, rps3, clpP

GTR + I + G

psbN, chlB, chlL, rps11, rpl5, chlN

7

MTZOA+G

psaJ, psbF, psbJ, psbK, psbH, petL, psbZ, petD

GTR + G

clpP, rps7

8

LG

petG, ycf3

GTR + G

psbJ, psbT, petG

9

PMB + G

rpl36, psbA, psaC

GTR + I + G

psaA

10

LG

rps11, psbL, rpl14

GTR + G

rps2, rps8, rps9, rpl20, rpl23, rps18

11

LG + G

rps2

GTR + G

rps3

12

FLU+G

rps7

13

LG4M + G

tufA

14

MTZOA

ycf12