Fig. 5

Auxin as a key hormone regulating SAS in three Brassicaceae vegetables. a Representative auxin-related genes which were up-regulated in response to shade treatments (0, 1, and 6 h) obtained from RNA-seq data from three Brassicaceae vegetables were shown in heat-maps. Scale bar color corresponds to row Z-score. ABCB4, ATP-binding cassette B4; XTH22, Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 22; ATHB2, Arabidopsis thaliana homeobox protein 2; BIG1D, Big Grain 1; BT5, BTB and TAZ domain protein 5; GH3.3, auxin-responsive GH3-like protein 3. b qRT-PCR analysis of auxin-related genes in two-week-old vegetables, Choy Sum, Kai Lan, and Pak Choy treated with shade for 1, 6, and 24 h. The qRT-PCR signals were normalized to internal control (BraACTIN2). Bars represent average ± SD. n = 3. Columns marked with an asterisk indicate significantly different from Control (0 h) (p-value < 0.05). c Quantification of IAA in three Brassicaceae vegetables upon shade treatment for 6 and 24 h. Bars represent average ± SD. n = 3. Columns marked with an asterisk indicate significantly different from Control (0 h) (p-value < 0.05)