Fig. 2
Manhattan plots (left) and quantile–quantile plots (right) of the observed P-values for TA. The Manhattan plots indicate -log10 (observed P-values) for genome-wide SNPs (y-axis) plotted against their respective positions on each chromosome (x-axis), and the horizontal gray and red lines depict the genome-wide suggestive (1.73 × 10− 5) and significant (8.64 × 10− 7) thresholds, respectively. For quantile-quantile plots, the x-axis shows the expected -log10-transformed P-values, and the y-axis represents the observed -log10-transformed P-values. The genomic inflation factors (λ) are shown on the top left in the QQ plot. TA represents the total integral intensity of all peaks