Fig. 2

SEM model with standardized coefficient loads among PA, DNA methylation loci, CVD, and covariates. Each variable in the box represents a continuous variable or a quartile/category of a categorical variable. Numbers beginning with “cg” are IlmnIDs. VPS45, PIK3CD, and VPS13D are the corresponding gene names of the IlmnIDs. A red arrow represents a positive load (“stimulation”) from one variable to another, while a blue arrow represents a negative load (“inhibition”). Solid lines indicate the associations with a p-value < 0.05, whereas dashed lines for a p-value between 0.05 and 0.10. Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic CVD; CAC, coronary artery calcium score; WC, waist circumference; Q2-Q4, quartile 2 to 4; C2-C4, category 2 to 4