Fig. 5

Validation of gene expression patterns by RT-qPCR. Means (± SE) were used to determine transcript levels with the 2^-ΔΔCt method. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the relative expression levels of selected genes. Panels A - I: cytochrome P450 4C1-like; cytochrome P450 4C3-like transcript variant X1; probable muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gar-2 transcript variant X1; heat shock protein 68-like (LOC109040186); heat shock protein 68-like (LOC109035112); glutathione S-transferase-like transcript variant X1; cathepsin B-like; zingipain-2-like transcript variant X2; maltase 2-like. Columns labeled with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the three resistance selected strains. Turkey’s multiple range test was used for pairwise comparison for mean separation (P < 0.05). The RNA-seq results were represented by broken lines and RT-qPCR results were represented by columns