AMPlify: attentive deep learning model for discovery of novel antimicrobial peptides effective against WHO priority pathogens

Table 3 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of selected AMP candidates following antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in vitro. Candidate antimicrobial peptides were synthesized and purchased from Genscript. AST, and MIC/MBC determination was performed as outlined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) [40], with modification as recommended by Hancock [41]. Data is presented as the lowest effective peptide concentration range (μM) observed in three independent experiments. LL37, human cathelicidin and a peptide from Tp0751 from Treponema pallidum were used as the positive and negative control peptides [34], respectively

	*S. aureus*^a ATCC 6538P		*S. pyogenes*^b		*P. aeruginosa*^a ATCC 10148		*E. coli*^a ATCC 9723H		*E. coli*^c ATCC 25922		MDR *E. coli*^d (CPO-NDM)
	Gram-positive		Gram-positive		Gram-negative		Gram-negative		Gram-negative		Gram-negative
(μM)	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC
RaCa-1	NI	NI	79	≥ 79	NI	NI	20 – 39	39 – 79	10 – 20	10 – 39	20 – 39	20 – 39
RaCa-2	1 – 2	1 – 2	25 – 49	25 – 49	25 – 49	49 – ≥99	3 – 6	3 – 6	2 – 6	2 – 6	2 – 6	2 – 6
RaCa-3	≥78	NI	39	39 – ≥ 78	20 – ≥78	39 – ≥78	5 – 10	5 – 10	2 – 5	2 – 5	5 – 10	5 – 20
RaCa-4	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	–	–	–	–
RaCa-5	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI
RaCa-6	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI
RaCa-7	≥ 88	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	11 – 22	11 – 88	6 – 44	6 – 44	6 – 44	6 – 44
RaCa-8	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI
RaCa-9	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	–	–	–	–
RaCa-10	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI
RaCa-11	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	–	–	–	–
LL37	NI	NI	NI	NI	7 – ≥57	7 – ≥57	2 – 4	4 – 7	2 – 4	2 – 4	2 – 4	2 – 4
Tp0751	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI

^aBacteria obtained and tested at the University of Victoria
^bUnknown strain; hospital isolate
^cATCC quality control strain #25922 purchased from Cedarlane Laboratories (Burlington, Ontario, Canada)
^dClinical isolate obtained and tested at the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control
NI, no inhibition observed in vitro
‘—’ = not tested
Abbreviations: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, ATCC American Type Culture Collection, CPO carbapenemase-producing organism, MDR multi-drug resistant, NDM New-Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase

ISSN: 1471-2164