Fig. 5

GWAS analysis results with Cd stress concentration of 1 mg/kg. (A) Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay for SNP loci over distance for association population along the L. edodes genome; (B) QQplot of GWAS for 1 mg/kg Cd Stress. X- and Y-axis represented expected and observed p-value, respectively; (C) Manhattan plots of association result for GWAS analysis for 1 mg/kg Cd Stress. The Y-axis is the negative of logarithm of p-value for GWAS for SNP loci along chromosomes (X-axis). The dashed line represents the significant threshold for the GWAS analysis from the Bonferroni correction method. (D) LD blocks of Cd stress-related SNPs in the three chromosomes. Strong and weak linkages are shown using red and white color schemes, respectively