Micronutrient supplementation affects DNA methylation in male gonads with potential intergenerational epigenetic inheritance involving the embryonic development through glutamate receptor-associated genes

Table 3 Enriched KEGG pathways identified both in L2:L1 and L3:L1 by GSEA

Tissue	Enriched pathways	KEGG ID	NES^a	ORA^b
Gonads	DNA replication	sasa03030	Down	-
	Mismatch repair	sasa03430	Down	-
	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction	sasa04060	Up	-
Liver	Steroid biosynthesis	sasa00100	Down	L2&L3
	Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis	sasa00900	Down	L2&L3
	Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis	sasa00970	Down	-
G&L	Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes	sasa03008	Down	-
	Cell adhesion molecules	sasa04514	Up	-
	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction	sasa04060	Up	-
	Steroid biosynthesis	sasa00592	Down	L3
	Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis	sasa00900	Down	L3

^a"Down" indicates down-regulation as identified by negative, NES (normalized enrichment score) values, whereas "Up" indicates up-regulation as positive NES values. ^bSupported by ORA as "L2&L3" by both L2:L1 and L3:L1 and "L3" by only L3:L1. "-" indicates no ORA support

ISSN: 1471-2164