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Fig. 4 | BMC Genomics

Fig. 4

From: Abundant small RNAs in the reproductive tissues and eggs of the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Fig. 4

A. Volcano plots indicate the patterns of upregulated tRFs (left), miRNA (middle) and piRNAs (right) between eggs laid from virgin queens and eggs laid from mated queens. Grey dots are all small RNAs, red dots are those that are significantly DE (FDR < 0.01, FC > 5, counts > 5). Arrows refer to upregulation in either virgin or mated queen eggs. B. C. and D. Volcano plots showing differentially expressed tRFs (B), piRNAs (C) and miRNAs (D) between testes from 24 h pupae and 72 h pupae (left), 72 and 144 h (middle) and 24 and 144 h (right). Grey dots are all small RNAs, while dots above the horizontal dashed lines have a FDR p-value < 0.01 in the analysed comparison. Red dots in all panels indicate the significantly upregulated small RNAs from the 24–72 h comparisons (FDR < 0.01, FC > 5, counts > 5 in one tissue). E. Zetaview measurement of particles present in honey bee semen indicating particle size (nm) and concentration (particles/mL). F. Representative transmission electron micrographs of potential EVs in honey bee semen

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