Fig. 2

Simulation results of lipid and atherosclerosis network under fixed effecting nodes or edges. Type I error and power of both NeRiT and PMNT with data simulated based on lipid and atherosclerosis network under random effecting nodes or edges and four different between-node correlation patterns using DPR as the imputation model in TWAS. The red dotted line represents the significance level (\(\mathrm{\alpha }=0.05\)). A Only node has effect; (B) Only edge has effect; the results for effecting node (C) or for effecting edge (D) when both node and edge change with changing node hanging on the edge; the results for effect node (E) or for effecting edge (F) when both node and edge change with changing node not hanging on the edge