Fig. 5

Overexpression of DcBGLUs altered major medicinal metabolites accumulation. a qRT-PCR verification of the overexpression status of four selected DcBGLU genes in transiently transformed D. catenatum leaves. Samples transformed with empty vectors were used as the controls (Ctrl). b-e Determination of major medicinal metabolite contents in BGLU-OE leaves. b Reducing-polysaccharide content; c Soluble-polysaccharide content; d Flavonoid content; e Alkaloid content. Leaves transiently transformed with Agrobacterium EHA105 carrying empty vector were used as control. Bars marked with stars indicate significant differences (Student’s t-test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001)