| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariate | Beta | SE | P-value | Beta | SE | P-value | Beta | SE | P-value | Beta | SE | P-value |
Age | 1.5 × 10–02 | 6.0 × 10–04 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 1.5 × 10–02 | 6.0 × 10–04 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 1.0 × 10–02 | 6.2 × 10–04 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 1.0 × 10–02 | 6.1 × 10–04 |  < 2 × 10–16 |
Age squared | -4.9 × 10–05 | 6.8 × 10–06 | 3.0 × 10–13 | -4.9 × 10–05 | 6.8 × 10–06 | 4.4 × 10–13 | -9.2 × 10–06 | 6.8 × 10–06 | 1.8 × 10–01 | -7.1 × 10–06 | 6.8 × 10–06 | 3.0 × 10–01 |
Male sex | 2.5 × 10–02 | 2.6 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 2.5 × 10–02 | 2.6 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 6.7 × 10–03 | 2.6 × 10–03 | 1.1 × 10–02 | 9.8 × 10–03 | 2.6 × 10–03 | 1.9 × 10–04 |
Smoking status | ||||||||||||
  non-smoker | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
  previous smoker | 3.9 × 10–02 | 3.5 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 3.9 × 10–02 | 3.5 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 2.8 × 10–02 | 3.4 × 10–03 | 9.0 × 10–16 | 2.9 × 10–02 | 3.4 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 |
  current smoker | 8.3 × 10–02 | 3.3 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 8.2 × 10–02 | 3.3 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 6.2 × 10–02 | 3.3 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 6.4 × 10–02 | 3.3 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 |
  BMI | 2.7 × 10–03 | 3.2 × 10–04 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 2.6 × 10–03 | 3.2 × 10–04 | 1.0 × 10–15 | 2.3 × 10–03 | 3.1 × 10–04 | 3.7 × 10–13 | 1.8 × 10–03 | 3.2 × 10–04 | 1.4 × 10–08 |
  eGFR | -4.9 × 10–04 | 1.1 × 10–04 | 5.0 × 10–06 | -4.9 × 10–04 | 1.1 × 10–04 | 7.4 × 10–06 | -4.7 × 10–04 | 1.1 × 10–04 | 8.3 × 10–06 | -5.3 × 10–04 | 1.1 × 10–04 | 7.2 × 10–07 |
  rs1495741 copies G-allele | -3.7 × 10–02 | 2.8 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | -3.7 × 10–02 | 2.8 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | -3.7 × 10–02 | 2.8 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 | -3.8 × 10–02 | 2.8 × 10–03 |  < 2 × 10–16 |
  rs1495741 heterozygosity | -2.4 × 10–02 | 3.5 × 10–03 | 2.1 × 10–11 | -2.4 × 10–02 | 3.5 × 10–03 | 2.2 × 10–11 | -2.4 × 10–02 | 3.4 × 10–03 | 7.6 × 10–12 | -2.4 × 10–02 | 3.4 × 10–03 | 7.9 × 10–12 |
Inclusion method | ||||||||||||
  Family doctor | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
  Included family members | -7.5 × 10–03 | 3.1 × 10–03 | 1.4 × 10–02 | -7.6 × 10–03 | 3.1 × 10–03 | 1.2 × 10–02 | -6.2 × 10–03 | 3.0 × 10–03 | 3.8 × 10–02 | -6.3 × 10–03 | 3.0 × 10–03 | 3.4 × 10–02 |
  Self-administrated | -1.5 × 10–02 | 4.0 × 10–03 | 1.5 × 10–04 | -1.5 × 10–02 | 4.0 × 10–03 | 1.3 × 10–04 | -1.3 × 10–02 | 3.9 × 10–03 | 1.2 × 10–03 | -1.2 × 10–02 | 3.9 × 10–03 | 1.7 × 10–03 |
  HbA1c | - | - | - | 1.6 × 10–03 | 4.4 × 10–04 | 3.0 × 10–04 | 1.5 × 10–03 | 4.3 × 10–04 | 3.1 × 10–04 | 1.5 × 10–03 | 4.3 × 10–04 | 5.7 × 10–04 |
  Coffee drinking status | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.2 × 10–02 | 4.5 × 10–03 | 9.2 × 10–03 | 1.2 × 10–02 | 4.4 × 10–03 | 6.0 × 10–03 |
  cups per day | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.6 × 10–02 | 7.1 × 10–04 |  < 2 × 10–16 | 1.6 × 10–02 | 7.1 × 10–04 |  < 2 × 10–16 |
  Reflectance | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.9 × 10–01 | 1.9 × 10–02 |  < 2 × 10–16 |
  Adjusted R-squared | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.49 |