The proteomic analysis of bovine embryos developed in vivo or in vitro reveals the contribution of the maternal environment to early embryo

Table 1 Pools of in vivo- and in vitro-derived bovine embryos used for nanoLC-MS/MS analysis (n = 4 embryos per pool)

Embryonic stage	Origin	Time of embryo collection after AI1 or IVF^a	Female donors^b	Bull semen^c	Number of pools
4–6 cells	In vivo	Days 1.7–3.8	A, B, C, D	X	3
4–6 cells	In vitro	Day 2		X	4
8–12 cells	In vivo	Days 3.6–3.8	A, B	X	4
8–12 cells	In vitro	Day 3		X	4
Morula (> 16 cells)	In vivo	Days 5.7–6.7	E, F, G	X	3
Morula (> 16 cells)	In vitro	Days 5–6		X	4
Compact morula	In vivo	Days 5.7–6.8	E, F, H	X	4
Compact morula	In vitro	Day 6		X	4
Blastocyst	In vivo	Days 6.8–7.5	H, I, J, K	X, Y, Z	4
Blastocyst	In vitro	Days 7–8		X	4

^aIA1 first artificial insemination of donor cows for in vivo-derived embryos, IVF in vitro fertilization
^bA total of 9 Holstein cows (called A to I) and 2 Holstein heifers (called J and K) were used as female donors for in vivo-derived embryos. In vitro-derived embryos were produced from ovaries collected at a commercial slaughterhouse
^cA total of 3 bulls of proven fertility, one Normande (called X) and two Holstein (called Y and Z), were used for the production of in vivo-derived embryos; the X bull was used for in vitro-produced embryos

ISSN: 1471-2164