Fig. 1

Overview of the obese and healthy population included in this study. A Global map representing 1172 samples with shotgun metagenomic data, including 606 obese individuals and 566 control individuals. The discovery populations included Denmark (DNK), Germany (GER), France (FRA), the United Kingdom (UK), and China Eastern (CHN_E). The rest of the countries formed the validation dataset, including the United States (USA), Austria (AUT), Sweden (SWE), Spain (SPN), and China Southern (CHN_S). B The UpSet plot reveals the number of species (excluding low prevalence species) in each discovery cohort and shared by combinations of these datasets. The set size represents the number of species in each country/region. The connected dots mean the common species across connected countries/regions and the number on each column represents the amounts of species