Genetic analyses and detection of point mutations in the acetylcholinesterase-1 gene associated with organophosphate insecticide resistance in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) populations from Uganda

Table 2 Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) results for the four Spodoptera frugiperda geographical groups

Groups	Source	Df	SS	MS	Est. Var.	Total variance (%)	PhiPT	P- value
All	Among populations	3	17.256	5.752	0.357	11	0.109	0.191
	Within populations	35	101.873	2.911	2.911	89
	Total	38	119.128	8.663	3.268	100
Uganda and Asia	Among populations	1	3.302	3.302	0.325	13	0.132	0.196
	Within populations	17	36.382	2.140	2.140	87
	Total	18	39.684	5.442	2.465	100
Uganda and America	Among populations	1	0.203	0.203	0.000	0	−0.359	1.000
	Within populations	17	63.324	3.725	3.725	100
	Total	18	63.526	3.928	3.725	100
Rest of Africa and Asia	Among populations	1	4.345	4.345	0.278	11	0.113	0.112
	Within populations	20	43.882	2.194	2.194	89
	Total	21	48.227	6.539	2.472	100
Rest of Africa and America	Among populations	1	1.131	1.131	0.000	0	−0.097	0.940
	Within populations	20	70.824	3.541	3.541	100
	Total	21	71.955	4.672	3.541	100
Asia and America	Among populations	1	12.992	12.992	0.563	16	0.163	0.011
	Within populations	34	98.508	2.897	2.897	84
	Total	35	111.500	15.890	3.460	100

ISSN: 1471-2164