Skip to main content

Table 2 Genes present in fourteen sequenced chloroplast genomes

From: Complete chloroplast genomes provide insights into evolution and phylogeny of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae)

Category for genes

Group of genes

Name of genes

Photosynthesis

Subunits of photosystem I

psaA, psaB, psaC, psaI, psaJ

Subunits of photosystem II

psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ,

psbK, psbL, psbM, psbN, psbT, psbZ

Subunits of cytochrome b/f complex

petA, petBa, petDa, petG, petL, petN,

Subunits of ATP synthase

atpA, atpB, atpE, atpFa, atpH, atpI

Subunits of NADH dehydrogenase

ndhAa, ndhB(×2)a, ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhI,

ndhJ, ndhK

Subunit of rubisco

rbcL

Self-replication

RNA polymerase

rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1a, rpoC2

Large subunit of ribosomal proteins

rpl2(×2)a, rpl14, rpl16a, rpl20, rpl22, rpl23(× 2), rpl32, rpl33

rpl36

Small subunit of ribosomal proteins

rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7(×2), rps8, rps11, rps12(× 2)a, rps14,

rps15, rps16a, rps18, rps19(×2)

Ribosomal RNAs

rrn4.5(×2), rrn5(× 2), rrn16(× 2), rrn23(× 2)

Transfer RNAs

trnA-UGC(×2)a, trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnF-GAA, trnfM-CAU, trnG-GCCa, trnG-UCC, trnH-GUG(× 2), trnI-CAU (× 2), trnI-GAU(× 2)a, trnK-UUUa, trnL-CAA(× 2), trnL-UAAa, trnL-UAG, trnM-CAU, trnN-GUU(× 2), trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACG(× 2), trnR-UCU, trnS-GCU, trnS-GGA, trnS-UGA, trnT-GGU, trnT-UGU, trnV-GAC(× 2), trnV-UACa, trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA

Other genes

Subunit of acetyl-coA-carboxylase

accD

c-type cytochrome synthesis gene

ccsA

Envelop membrane protein

cemA

Protease

clpPb

Translational initiation factor

infA

Maturase

matK

Unknown function

Conserved open reading frames

ycf1(×2), ycf2(×2), ycf3b, ycf4

  1. (×2): gene with two copies; agene containing one intron; bgene containing two introns;