Fig. 4

Feeding analysis. Shown are the relationships between relative feeding duration [s] and (a) reproductive survival, (b) queen fecundity (egg laying rate), and (c) worker survival. The relative feeding durations in (a) reproductives and (c) workers are shown with horizontal violin plots indicating the data distribution and boxplots indicating median (black bar), interquartile range (box) and total data range (whiskers and dots). The relationship between (b) queens’ feeding duration and egg laying rate is shown with dot plots including jitter to avoid overlapping of data points. Data from surviving individuals are shown in green (diamond shape), data from dead individuals in purple (squares). Samples used in the RNA-Seq analysis are marked with a black circle. Relative feeding duration had a significantly positive effect on (a) reproductive survival while (b) individual egg laying rate was not significantly influenced, and (c) workers’ survival was affected by trend by feeding duration