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Table 3 Type and location of tRNA modifications of representative organisms belonging to the three domains of life Archaea (A), Eubacteria (B) and Eukarya (E)

From: RNomics and Modomics in the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii: identification of RNA modification genes

Kingdom Position

A

B

B

E

E (B)

 

H. volcanii

M. capricolum.

E. coli

S. cerevisiae

S. cer (mito)

10

m2G/m22G

  

m2G

-

12

-

  

ac4C

-

13

Ψ

 

Ψ

Ψ

-

15

G+

   

-

17/20

-

D

D

D

D

22

Ψ

   

-

26

m2G/m22G

  

m2G/m22G, Ψ

m2G/m22G

28

Ψ

  

Ψ

Ψ

31

-

  

Ψ

Ψ

32

-

 

Ψ

Ψ

Ψ

32

Cm

 

Cm, Um

Cm, Ψ, m3C

-

34

Cm, ?s 2 U

Cm, Um, s2U

Um, s 2 U

Cm,Um,Gm,s 2 U

-

34

?mc m5U

cmn m5U

mn m5U

mc m5U

cmn m5U

34

C*, U*

k2C

k2C, cmo5U

cm5U, m5C

U*?

34

ac4C

I

ac4C, I

I

-?

37

-

m6A

m6A, ms2i6A

i6A

i6A

37

m 1 G, t 6 A

m 1 G, t 6 A

m 1 G, t 6 A, m 6 t 6 A

m 1 G, t 6 A

m 1 G, t 6 A

37

-

  

m1I, yW

-

38

Ψ

 

Ψ

Ψ

Ψ

39

Ψ

Ψ

Ψ

Ψ

Ψ

39

m 5 C, U m

   

-

40

m5C

 

Ψ

m5C

-

47

-

 

acp3U

D

-

48

m5C

  

m5C

-

49

m5C

  

m5C

-

52

Ψ

   

-

54

Ψ, m 1 Ψ

 

m5U

m5U

m5U

55

Ψ

Ψ

Ψ

Ψ

Ψ

56

C m

   

-

57

m 1 I

   

-

58

-

  

m1A

-

72

-

   

Ψ

  1. For H. volcanii and yeast mitochondria [S. cer(mito)] all modifications are listed whereas for E. coli, M. capricolum and yeast cytoplasm those that are relevant for the comparison are indicated (for more details see [4]); modifications present in A,B,E are in bold; modification that appear specific to H. volcanii (and most certainly to Archaea) are in underlined bold and.