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Table 4 Top canonical metabolic and signaling (in bold font) pathways uncovered by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis® (Benjamini-Hochberg FDR ≤ 0.05) within differentially expressed genes (DEG) with > 1.5-fold mRNA abundance between parenchyma and fat pad in mammary gland from pre-weaned Holstein heifers.

From: Functional and gene network analyses of transcriptional signatures characterizing pre-weaned bovine mammary parenchyma or fat pad uncovered novel inter-tissue signaling networks during development

Pathway

P-value

FDR

# DEG

DEG highly-expressed in parenchyma vs. fat pad

   

   Cell Cycle: G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation

0.0025

0.114

7

   Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Cardiovascular System

0.0028

0.114

9

   Actin Cytoskeleton Signaling

0.0001

0.014

22

   p53 Signaling

0.0014

0.114

11

   Wnt/β-catenin Signaling

0.0071

0.193

15

   PI3K/AKT Signaling

0.0071

0.193

13

DEG highly-expressed in fat pad vs. parenchyma1

   

   Propanoate Metabolism

0.0000

0.000

12

   Metabolism of Xenobiotics by Cytochrome P450

0.0000

0.001

11

   Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation

0.0000

0.001

11

   Butanoate Metabolism

0.0001

0.002

10

   Glutathione Metabolism

0.0001

0.002

9

   Pyruvate Metabolism

0.0001

0.002

11

   Fatty Acid Metabolism

0.0003

0.004

12

   Citrate Cycle

0.0003

0.004

7

   Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis

0.0009

0.009

11

   Synthesis and Degradation of Ketone Bodies

0.0020

0.016

4

   Fatty Acid Elongation in Mitochondria

0.0030

0.022

4

   Oxidative Phosphorylation

0.0085

0.055

13

   Tryptophan Metabolism

0.0087

0.055

9

   Pentose Phosphate Pathway

0.0098

0.056

5

   Mitochondrial Dysfunction

0.0000

0.000

19

   LPS/IL-1 Mediated Inhibition of RXR Function

0.0000

0.000

20

   Xenobiotic Metabolism Signaling

0.0000

0.001

23

   Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling

0.0001

0.001

17

   Acute Phase Response Signaling

0.0003

0.004

19

   LXR/RXR Activation

0.0004

0.005

10

   Complement System

0.0004

0.005

7

   TR/RXR Activation

0.0013

0.012

11

   α-Adrenergic Signaling

0.0013

0.012

12

   NRF2-mediated Oxidative Stress Response

0.0014

0.012

18

   Cardiac β-Adrenergic Signaling

0.0014

0.012

13

   cAMP-mediated Signaling

0.0055

0.038

13

   IL-8 Signaling

0.0081

0.055

16

   IGF-1 Signaling

0.0098

0.118

11

  1. 1Reported also are the pathways with Benjamini-Hochberg FDR ≤ 0.12.