Table 3 Predicted transmitting ability (PTA) values (mean ± standard deviation) for three groups of Holstein cattle representing three stages of artificial selection since 1964
Trait | Group I (n = 301) Unselected since 1964 | Group II (n = 215) Born 1975-1985 | Group III (n = 1,654) Contemporary cows Born 1990-2008 | Direction of change (II–I, III–II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
MY | −1118.6±552.3 | −403.5±246.8 | 301.3±239.3 | ↑↑ |
FY | −39.2±19.4 | −12.2±8.2 | 11.2±10.3 | ↑↑ |
PY | −31.7±15.7 | −13.6±6.4 | 10.3±7.5 | ↑↑ |
FPC | 0.015±0.035 | 0.023±0.066 | 0.002±0.065 | ↑↓ |
PPC | 0.016±0.018 | −0.014±0.037 | 0.011±0.032 | ↓↑ |
PL | −3.093±1.785 | −0.327±1.403 | 1.227±1.982 | ↓↑ |
SCS | 2.854±0.075 | 2.948±0.103 | 2.974±0.165 | ↑↑ |
DPR | 2.909±1.170 | 0.558±0.943 | −0.151±1.322 | ↓↓ |
SCE | 8.654±0.329 | 8.149±0.999 | 7.508±1.185 | ↓↓ |
DCE | 7.884±0.175 | 9.015±0.918 | 7.664±1.052 | ↑↓ |
SSB | 7.860±0.192 | 7.369±0.488 | 7.657±0.648 | ↓↑ |
DSB | 8.483±0.694 | 9.987±0.708 | 7.661±1.098 | ↑↓ |
NM | −549.045±257.56 | −211.581±107.18 | 223.822±178.13 | ↑↑ |
STA | −1.840±1.357 | −1.146±0.775 | 0.413±0.990 | ↑↑ |
STR | −0.875±0.871 | −0.629±0.853 | 0.198±0.872 | ↑↑ |
BD | −1.508±1.225 | −0.855±0.866 | 0.271±0.876 | ↑↑ |
RW | −1.705±1.220 | −0.918±0.837 | 0.276±0.903 | ↑↑ |
DF | −3.232±2.482 | −1.638±0.957 | 0.703±0.906 | ↑↑ |
RA | 0.474±0.622 | 0.143±0.688 | 0.069±0.792 | ↓↓ |
FUA | −1.754±1.278 | −1.479±0.825 | 0.641±1.110 | ↑↑ |
RUH | −2.749±2.013 | −1.704±0.954 | 0.942±1.171 | ↑↑ |
UD | −0.782±0.730 | −0.857±0.738 | 0.316±0.962 | ↓↑ |
UC | −2.114±1.538 | −1.607±0.887 | 0.470±1.013 | ↑↑ |
FTP | −1.665±1.307 | −1.447±0.906 | 0.564±0.916 | ↑↑ |
RTP | −1.797±1.461 | −1.607±0.908 | 0.477±0.929 | ↑↑ |
TL | 0.063±0.555 | 0.251±0.783 | −0.076±0.758 | ↑↓ |
FA | −0.893±0.866 | −0.867±0.964 | 0.622±1.052 | ↑↑ |
RLS | −0.447±0.616 | −0.249±0.811 | −0.163±0.769 | ↑↑ |
RLR | −1.241±1.134 | −0.980±0.911 | 0.611±0.974 | ↑↑ |
FL | −1.176±1.033 | −1.045±0.916 | 0.677±0.919 | ↑↑ |
FS | −2.173±1.607 | −1.378±0.766 | 0.695±0.910 | ↑↑ |