Table 4 Expression levels of grapevine genes known to be modulated during Trichoderma spp.-induced resistance and in response to Plasmopara viticola inoculation
Gene name | Gene codea | Expression level (FPKM)b | Referencesc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | T39 | C+P.v. | T39+P. v. | |||
Chitinase 1a (Chit1a) | glimmer.VV78X092424.7_2 | 13.1 | 15.1 | 96.6 | 66.3 | Induced by P. viticola[50] |
Chitinase 1b (Chit1b) | glimmer.VV78X202842.8_3 | 78.4 | 213.1 | 167.2 | 340.5 | Not induced by P. viticola[50] |
Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) | fgenesh.VV78X169899.6_1 | 262.7 | 379.7 | 770.3 | 361.9 | Modulated during T39-induced resistance in grapevine[42] |
Pathogenesis-related protein 2 (PR-2) | twinscan.VV78X005385.7_1 | 214.4 | 689.8 | 604.7 | 1295.0 | Modulated during T39-induced resistance in grapevine[42] |
Pathogenesis-related protein 4 (PR-4) | glimmer.VV78X053121.6_1 | 11.1 | 99.3 | 141.3 | 279.7 | Modulated during T39-induced resistance in grapevine[42] |
Pathogenesis-related protein 5 (PR-5) | glimmer.VV79X000230.2_4 | 65.2 | 43.2 | 20.3 | 11.7 | Modulated during T39-induced resistance in grapevine[42] |
Pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR-10) | sim4.VV78X227342.7_2 | 1.9 | 33.9 | 14.5 | 34.8 | Modulated during T39-induced resistance in grapevine[42] |
Lipoxygenase 9 (LOX-9) | twinscan.VV78X044916.31_1 | 4.3 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 10.5 | Modulated during T39-induced resistance in grapevine[42] |
Osmotin 1 (OSM1) | glimmer.VV78X132476.3_2 | 43.6 | 194.6 | 268.4 | 522.1 | Induced by T. hamatum 382 in tomato[29] and induced by P. viticola[4, 6] |
Osmotin 2 (OSM2) | fgenesh.VV78X075443.24_1 | 29.7 | 158.2 | 29.3 | 108.6 | Induced by T. hamatum 382 in tomato[29] |
Aminocyclopropane carboxylate oxidase (ACO) | fgenesh.VV78X260154.9_1 | 14.8 | 40.6 | 22.1 | 36.0 | Induced by T. koningiopsis Th003 in tomato[54] |
Aminocyclopropane carboxylate oxidase (ACO) | twinscan.VV78X152558.9_1 | 23.0 | 46.6 | 32.0 | 50.7 | Induced by T. koningiopsis Th003 in tomato[54] |
Trichoderma-induced protein kinase (TIPK) | fgenesh.VV78X024841.39_2 | 60.6 | 226.8 | 360.3 | 374.0 | Induced by T. asperelloides T203 in cucumber[53] |
MYB transcription factor 72 (MYB72) | fgenesh.VV78X183580.6_2 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 3.3 | Involved in Trichoderma-induced resistance[26] |
Glucanase (GLU) | glimmer.VV78X010792.29_19 | 4.1 | 7.5 | 29.5 | 17.0 | Induced by P. viticola[5] |
Invertase (INV1) | fgenesh.VV78X109126.4_1 | 19.9 | 22.8 | 45.1 | 76.7 | |
Invertase (INV2) | glimmer.VV78X234553.4_1 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 10.2 | 19.2 | |
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | glimmer.VV78X070708.13_2 | 13.5 | 17.8 | 21.7 | 29.9 | Induced by P. viticola[17] |
Catalase (CAT) | glimmer.VV78X186369.3_2 | 942.8 | 1519.4 | 2840.2 | 2961.4 | Induced by P. viticola[52] |
Enzymatic resistance protein (ERP) | glimmer.VV78X101483.19_2 | 1078.4 | 909.1 | 435.8 | 446.9 | Repressed by P. viticola[5] |
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) | fgenesh.VV78X143789.26_4 | 1382.8 | 435.6 | 817.8 | 550.8 | Repressed by P. viticola[5] |
Chlorophyll a-b binding protein (CAB) | fgenesh.VV78X207753.10_1 | 2220.1 | 1054.3 | 757.7 | 422.7 | Repressed by P. viticola[4] |
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) | glimmer.VV78X173356.4_4 | 101.1 | 56.1 | 27.7 | 29.4 | Repressed by P. viticola[11] |
Chalcone synthase (CHS) | glimmer.VV78X073177.9_2 | 55.8 | 17.3 | 6.0 | 9.5 | Repressed by P. viticola[7] |
Chalcone synthase (CHS) | glimmer.VV78X195981.16_1 | 54.0 | 16.2 | 5.6 | 5.1 | Repressed by P. viticola[7] |
Chalcone synthase (CHS3) | fgenesh.VV78X165120.3_1 | 78.3 | 32.1 | 18.2 | 26.8 | Repressed by P. viticola[7] |
Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) | glimmer.VV78X164562.12_3 | 221.0 | 152.3 | 64.3 | 51.3 | Repressed by P. viticola[9] |
B-amylase (AMY) | fgenesh.VV78X223906.2_1 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | Repressed by P. viticola[10] |
B-amylase (AMY) | glimmer.VV78X087147.9_2 | 57.8 | 52.7 | 11.8 | 12.0 | Repressed by P. viticola[10] |
sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) | fgenesh.VV78X130197.5_1 | 111.8 | 78.1 | 32.2 | 28.8 | Repressed by P. viticola[10] |
Phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD) | fgenesh.VV78X092604.4_1 | 23.4 | 17.0 | 12.1 | 10.3 | Repressed by P. viticola[10] |
Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase (GPAT) | sim4.VV78X153373.11_4 | 103.6 | 65.5 | 39.2 | 29.3 | Repressed by P. viticola[10] |
Threalase | fgenesh.VV78X152339.9_5 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 2.8 | Induced by P. viticola[10] |
α,α-trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) | glimmer.VV78X200879.5_4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | Repressed by P. viticola[10] |
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) | glimmer.VV78X178553.4_4 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |
Stilbene synthase (STS) | glimmer.VV78X271796.76_5 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 7.5 | |
Stilbene synthase (STS) | glimmer.VV78X271796.76_1 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 4.4 | |
Stilbene synthase (STS) | glimmer.VV78X257305.4_1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 2.8 | |
Stilbene synthase (STS) | glimmer.VV78X121741.14_1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 2.2 | |
Amine oxidase (AO) | twinscan.VV78X119502.7_1 | 43.8 | 63.6 | 167.5 | 203.0 | Induced by P. viticola[8] |
Serine/threonine kinase receptor (STKR) | fgenesh.VV78X255341.2_1 | 112.8 | 246.8 | 76.5 | 268.1 | Induced by P. viticola[8] |
Tropinone reductase (TR) | fgenesh.VV78X249214.9_1 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 12.8 | 4.1 | Induced by P. viticola[6] |
Galactinol synthase (GhGolS) | glimmer.VV78X016811.4_2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 | Induced by P. viticola[6] |
Wound-induced protein (WIN2) | glimmer.VV78X081378.10_1 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 22.1 | 6.9 | Induced by P. viticola[6] |
β-glucosidase (BG) | fgenesh.VV78X148924.9_1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.7 | Induced by P. viticola[6] |
TMV response-related protein (TMVR) | fgenesh.VV78X106668.41_2 | 13.5 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 6.7 | Induced by P. viticola[6] |
Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP)d | glimmer.VV78X089275.7_1 | - | - | - | - | Induced by P. viticola[6] |
WRKY transcription factor 21 (WRKY21) | fgenesh.VV78X121610.8_2 | 32.4 | 19.9 | 6.5 | 6.9 | Induced by P. viticola[6] |
Ethylene-regulated transcript 2 (ERT2)d | glimmer.VV78X175653.7_2 | - | - | - | - | Induced by P. viticola[6] |
Rapidly elicited Avr9/Cf-9 proteins (Avr/Cf9) | fgenesh.VV78X009646.12_6 | 71.5 | 70.8 | 17.9 | 21.7 | Modulated by P. viticola[5] |
Rapidly elicited Avr9/Cf-9 proteins (Avr/Cf9) | fgenesh.VV78X263622.19_2 | 236.7 | 117.8 | 27.1 | 22.3 | Induced by P. viticola[4] |
Harpin-induced protein 1 (Hin1) | glimmer.VV78X225495.6_2 | 53.7 | 63.2 | 12.1 | 16.0 | Induced by P. viticola[4] |
Hypersensitivity-related 203 J (Hsr203j) | fgenesh.VV78X137613.4_1 | 52.3 | 45.0 | 7.7 | 9.1 | |