Figure 1

Heat stress experimental design. (A) Core temperature (Tc) was monitored by telemetry probe in real time in heated rats [X] or time-matched controls [C], and animals were sacrificed at Tc,Max (41.8°C), 24 hours, or 48 hours. Tissues were preserved for histopathology, transcriptomics, and proteomics. (B) Blood chemistries and histopathology were evaluated. Differential gene expression, gene set analysis, and KEGG enrichment were examined in all organs at Tc,Max to characterize the consensus gene response to heat stress. Self-organizing maps were constructed to identify genes that clustered in individual responders. We evaluated proteomic changes in the heart at Tc,Max, 24 hours, and 48 hours. Animals in the 48-hour cohort were subdivided by histopathology (injured and uninjured). Venn diagrams indicate the numbers of genes (left) and proteins (right) identified in each respective analysis. Red text denotes statistically significant changes in the same genes and proteins.