Figure 4

Clustering of beech tree leaves. Sample labels indicate the tree, branch, and leaf (e.g., A1-2 corresponds to leaf 2 of branch 1 of tree A). (A) Dendrogram resulting from Ward’s clustering of genomic distances of Japanese beech tree leaves. Genomic distances are displayed on dendrogram branches. (B) Dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis collectively performed on three different Japanese beech trees. Leaves belonging to each tree clustered together in a fashion similar to the dendrogram shown in A even in this global clustering. Each spiddos data point used to calculate genomic distance represented the average of two trials using the same leaf (Additional file 3: Table S1). (C) One of the beech trees sampled in Sapporo, Japan in late May, 2011.