Figure 1

Phylogeny of 126 B. anthracis strains based on whole-genome SNP analysis. A. Minimum spanning tree based on 3987 chromosomal SNPs. The 3 canSNP groups present in France are color-coded: B.Br CNEVA in light blue, A.Br 011/009 in purple and A.Br 001/002 in green. The African lineage A.Br 005/006 is indicated in red. Positions of the B. anthracis Sterne (in green), Ames ancestor (in yellow) and A1055 (in black) strains are also marked. Each circle represents a unique SNP genotype. The diameter of each circle varies according to the number of isolates having the same genotype. The length of each branch is proportional (logarithmic scale) to the number of SNPs identified between strains. Indicated in red are the position and name of the new identified French canSNPs. The star marks the approximate branching point of the B. anthracis lineage within the B. cereus group. Based on a parsimony approach, the tree size is 4018, i.e. it contains approximately 0.77 % of homoplasia. B. Linear phylogenetic tree rooted with the B. cereus AH820 strain as outgroup. This figure illustrates the relationship between French and globally diverse B. anthracis strains.