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Table 5 Subfunctionalization of B. rapa genes involved in root and leaf developments

From: Functional innovations of three chronological mesohexaploid Brassica rapa genomes

B. rapa

A. thaliana

K a /K s

Leafa

Roota

Stema

Poola

Organb

Absolute expression in A. thalianac

Description

Root development

Bra033865

AT1G31930

0.10

1

8.1e-06

0.08

1

root

seed, shoot

Extra-large G protein 3

Bra002904

AT5G55480

0.21

0.9

1.1e-04

8.1e-03

1

root

seed, shoot

Glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase-like protein (GDPD)

Bra006834

AT5G57090

0.07

1

1.5e-07

1

1

stamen, root

seed, root

Auxin efflux carrier, root specific role

Bra030785

AT1G09560

0.18

1

1.3e-15

1

9.4e-06

root

root

Germin-like protein 5 (GLP5)

Bra007924

AT1G70560

0.10

0.99

2.9e-04

0.92

0.83

flower, primary root, root, embryo, leaf, gynoecium, cotyledon,

carpel

Tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1 (TAA1)

Bra005011

AT2G39830

0.10

0.99

6.4e-05

0.93

1

root, phloem

shoot, petal

DA1-related protein

Bra007863

AT2G24260

0.27

1

4.1e-16

1

0.96

root hair cell

seed

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)

Bra005325

AT2G35610

0.10

0.97

1.1e-04

0.21

1

root hair cell

seed, root, silique

Arabinosyltransferase

Bra002227

AT5G19320

0.14

1

1.1e-05

1.4e-04

1

lateral root

root, seed, shoot, flower

RAN GTPase activating protein 2 (RANGAP2)

Bra008898

AT5G12330

0.13

1

5.0e-05

0.41

1

root

shoot, root

Lateral root primordium 1 (LRP1)

Bra011079

AT4G29040

0.02

1

1.2e-06

0.01

1

root, root cap, phloem, seedling

sepal, petal, senescent leaf

Regulatory particle AAA-ATPase 2A (RPT2A)

Bra022183

AT3G16857

0.09

1

7.7e-04

0.43

0.91

primary root, root

seed

Response regulator 1 (RR1)

Bra030695

AT1G07630

0.19

1

1.5e-24

1

1

lateral root, leaf

sepal, senescent leaf

Protein phosphatase 2C like gene

Bra014436

AT3G61440

0.16

0.98

2.6e-04

1.3e-14

1

root hair cell

cotyledons

Cysteine synthase isomer (CysC1)

Bra016173

AT1G70940

0.20

1

4.2e-06

0.16

1

root

petal, stamen

PIN3, regulator of auxin efflux

Bra034623

AT4G34390

0.26

0.88

5.6e-04

0.98

0.89

lateral root

leaf, sepal

Extra-large GTP-binding protein 2 (XLG2)

Bra019821

AT1G13260

0.11

0.81

1.7e-04

3.0e-05

1

flower, lateral root, leaf

root, leaf

EDF4

Bra022459

AT3G19820

0.05

1

3.6e-24

1.9e-10

1

anther, root

shoot, root flower,

Enhanced very-low-fluence responses 1 (EVE1)

Bra023219

AT1G31880

0.09

0.98

2.4e-04

0.87

1

lateral root, root

shoot, seed

BRX, cell proliferation and elongation in the root

Bra034413

AT1G35580

0.04

1

4.5e-06

0.97

0.27

root

root

Cytosolic invertase 1

Bra003506

AT3G62680

0.35

1

1.9e-04

1

1

lateral root

root

Proline-rich protein 3 (PRR3)

Bra015906

AT1G74500

0.07

1

4.6e-05

1

1

root

root

bHLH, root initiation

Bra032503

AT1G04550

0.19

1

4.5e-10

0.98

1

root

shoot, carpel, hypocotyl, flower

BDL, auxin-mediated processes

Bra010735

AT4G38630

0.05

0.91

6.6e-04

1.0e-04

1

leaf, post-embryonic root, pollen

seed

Multiubiquitin chain binding protein 1 (MCB1)

Bra021117

AT3G15540

0.16

1

1.1e-04

0.61

0.96

lateral root, stamen filament

seed, stamen

IAA19, primary auxin-response genes

Bra029267

AT5G62340

0.49

8.2e-14

8.4e-06

1

1

lateral root

root

Plant invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitor superfamily

Leaf development

Bra012600

AT4G18390

0.09

1.5e-04

5.4e-04

0.95

1

leaf

vegetative rosette

Cycloidea and PCF transcription factor 2 (TCP2)

Bra027284

AT3G15030

0.20

1.4e-05

1

0.01

1

embryo, leaf

petal

TCP4

  1. aDigital expression patterns by Audic’s test, bold characters represent over-expressed tissues with p-value < 0.001. bspecific organs, sub-functionalized B. rapa genes involved in the developmental process, cexpression patterns of A. thaliana in eFP web site (http://bbc.botany.utoronto.ca/efp/cgi-bin/efpWeb.cgi) in developmental map.