Figure 4

Relative expression profiles of genes potentially associated with spinosad resistance. The red color bars represent the up-regulated genes, Yolk protein 2 (Yp2, Panel A), ATP synthase F _O subunit 6 (ATP synthase, Panel B), Low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2 (CAT-2, Panel C), Serine protease 6 (SP6, Panel D), 4-nitrophenylphophatase (pNPPase, Panel E), Salivary Cys-rich secreted peptide-vWF (SalCys, Panel F), Cytochrome P450 6a23-like (Cyp6α23, Panel G) and Antigen 5 precursor (Ant5, Panel H), for the mean of three male and three female individual flies, after functional analysis by qRT-PCR. Only for the Yolk protein the evaluation was based on female expression, since males show zero expression values. The green color bars represent the down-regulated genes Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70, Panel I), Heat-shock protein 23 (Hsp23, Panel J), Larval serum protein 1 (LSP1, Panel K), Hexamerin L1 (HexL1, Panel L), Chitinase 5 (Cht5, Panel M), Oxidase/peroxidase (oxidase, Panel N), Macrophage mannose receptor 1 (mmr1, Panel O), Cell division cycle-associated protein 7 (Cdc, Panel P), for the mean of three male and three female individual flies, after functional analysis by qRT-PCR. The five RNA viral genes are not included. Standard error is also depicted in the bars. Small letters next to the error bars indicate significantly different mean values estimated by pairwise comparisons (either Tukey’s or Kruskal-Wallis tests). All comparisons were performed on Ln transformed data except for macrophage mannose receptor 1.