Figure 3

Relative expression (normalized to EF1 expression and to expression in control aphids (black)) of the three well-expressed ApMIF s transcripts, three days after immune challenge by Aphidius ervi (dark blue) or E. coli (light blue) in the A. pisum lineages LL01 (A) and YR2 (B). Each bar represents the mean expression ± SD obtained from three independent experiments. Significant differences as compared with control are indicated by stars (Anova on row data: ***p < 0.0002).