Figure 5

Effect of secondary symbiont injection on ApMIFs expression in LL01 aphids injected with R. insecticola (A), S. symbiotica (B) or H. defensa (C). Expression was measured at one (D1) or four (D4) days post injection, as well as in offspring from the first generation (F1), in symbiont injected (blue) and buffer injected (black) aphids. Significant differences as compared with control are indicated by stars (Anova on row data: ***: p < 0.0002; **: p < 0.002).