Figure 5

Comparative analysis of haplotype diversity. The haplotype diversities of CYP6M7 (A) CYP6P9a (B) and CYP6P9b (C) were compared using a 95% parsimony network based only on coding regions when combining the susceptible (S) and resistant (R) mosquitoes from each country. For CYP6M7, networks are presented by country due to the large size of the combined network. These networks indicate the exceptional diversity of CYP6M7 with high polymorphisms whereas CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b both exhibit reduced diversity, with the presence of a highly predominant haplotype associated with resistance (directional selection). Haplotypes are represented as an oval or a rectangle scaled to reflect their frequencies. The lines connecting haplotypes and each node represent a single mutation event. Gray shapes represent haplotypes unique in susceptible mosquitoes; green shapes represent haplotypes predominantly found in resistant mosquitoes but also in some dead mosquitoes; red shapes represent haplotypes unique to resistant mosquitoes. Some haplotypes with >20 mutation differences from others could not be linked to the major network.