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Table 2 Fluorescence induction of P. luminescens carrying different promoter-reporter gene fusions in presence of insect larvae homogenate

From: Photorhabdus luminescens genes induced upon insect infection

Promoter of gene/operon

Putative function of the gene product(s)

Fluorescence Induction

Toxins

tccC1 (plu4167)

insecticidal toxin complex TccC1

10.2-fold (± 2.0)

plu1645

similar to photopexin A und B (hemopexin-domain)

10.1-fold (± 4.5)

plu2400

homologous to C-terminal region of dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) of Pasteurella multocida

5.5-fold (± 1.9)

plu4122

contains Fascin domain, function unknown

6.3-fold (± 2.8)

Metabolism

agaZSVCD/plu0839/gatY

 

3,3-fold (± 0.3)

   agaZ (plu0833)

tagatose-6-phosphate-Kinase

 

   agaS (plu0834)

tagatose-6-phosphate ketose/aldose isomerase

 

   agaV (plu0835)

PTS-system, N-acetylgalactosamine-specific IIB component 2 (EIIB-AGA')

 

   agaC (plu0836)

PTS-system, N-acetylgalactosamine-specific IIC component 1 (EIIC-AGA)

 

   agaD (plu0837)

PTS-System, N-acetylgalactosamine-specific IID component (EIID-AGA)

 

   plu0838

unknown, putative PTS permease

 

   gatY (plu0839)

tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase GatY

 

eutABC

 

3.5-fold (± 1.0)

   eutA (plu2969)

ethanolamine degradation

 

   eutB (plu2970)

ethanolamine-ammonia-lyase heavy chain

 

   eutC (plu2971)

ethanolamine-ammonia-lyase light chain

 

hutUH

 

2.5-fold (± 1.1)

   hutU (plu3193)

urocanate hydratase (urocanase)

 

   hutH (plu3192)

histidine ammonia lyase (histidase)

 

sucABCD

 

1.5-fold (± 0.4)

   sucA (plu1430)

α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component

 

   sucB (plu1431)

dihydrolipoamid succinyltransferase component of α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (E2)

 

   sucC (plu1432)

succinyl-CoA synthetase β chain

 

   sucD (plu1433)

succinyl-CoA synthetase α-chain

 

plu1864

similarities to phosphoenolpyruvat phosphomutase

1.0-fold (± 0.3)

plu2604

similar to glutarredoxin Protein YdhD

5.0-fold (± 1.9)

Regulation

mlc (plu2226)

„making large colonies" protein, involved in regulation of sugar metabolism

4.8-fold (± 1.7)

DNA-modification

isplu16A (plu3160)

transposase, IS630 family

5.1-fold (± 1.0)

plu1165

putative relaxase

5.5-fold (± 2.0)

plu3688

putative integrase/recombinase

7.5-fold (± 3.1)

Synthesis of cell structure

spr (plu2864)

lipoprotein spr precursor

3.0-fold (± 1.0)

plu2790

similar to N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase YbjR precursor of Escherichia coli

4.7-fold (± 1.3)

plu1463

similar to DNA inversion product and tail-fiber protein of lambdoid prophage

6.5-fold (± 1.9)

Transport, antibiotic resistance

plu4229

multidrug-resistance permease

2.4-fold (± 0.7)

plu1579

similar to bacitracin permease of E. coli

4.4-fold (± 1.4)

Antibiotic synthesis

plu3567-3561

 

3.8-fold (± 1.2)

   plu3567

similar to N-formimidoyl fortimicin A synthase

 

   plu3566

similar to putative methylase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase

 

   plu3565

similar to class II aminotransferase and 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase

 

   plu3564

weakly similar to PapB protein and to chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase

 

   plu3563

similar to p-aminobenzoic acid synthase

 

   plu3562

similar to dehydrogenase PapC of Streptomyces pristinaespiralis

 

   plu3561

probable transport protein

 

Unknown function

plu0801

PrK012399-domain, similar to Plu1012 and Plu1017

2.0-fold (± 0.3)

plu1012-1010

 

10.6-fold (± 4.2)

   plu1012

PrK012399-domain, similar to Plu0801 and Plu1017

 

   plu1011

„TIM-br_sig_trns"-Domain, putative sigma54-dependent transcriptional activator

 

   plu1010

unknown

 

plu1017

PrK012399-domain, similar to Plu0801 and Plu1012

6.6-fold (± 4.6)

plu1672

similar to Plu1691 of Photorhabdus, function unknown

2.0-fold (± 0.8)

plu1950

similar to Plu2538 of Photorhabdus, function unknown

3.0-fold (± 0.9)

plu2652

function unknown

4.0-fold (± 1.5)

plu2809

similar to protein YcfD of E. coli, contains JmjC domain (pot. metalloenzym)

3.0-fold (± 1.1)

plu3479

unknown

1.1-fold (± 0.2)

plu3608

similar to protein Plu3387 of Photorhabdus, function unknown

4.5 (± 0.3)

Controls

mcf (plu4142)

"makes caterpillars floppy" toxin

6.0 (± 2.3)

mcf2 (plu3128)

"makes caterpillars floppy" toxin 2

0.9 (± 0.2)

tcdA1 (plu0962)

insecticidal toxin complex TcdA1

6.5 (± 1.0)

tcaA/B (plu0516)

insecticidal toxin complex TcaA/TcaB

1.25 (± 0.2)

tcaZ (plu0514)

insecticidal toxin complex TcaZ

1.3 (± 0.3)

tccA1 (plu4169)

insecticidal toxin complex TccA1

1.6 (± 0.2)

prtA (plu0655)

alkaline metalloprotease PrtA

2.1-fold (± 0.7)

  1. P. luminescens carrying the indicated reporter gene plasmid was grown in complex medium and in complex medium containing insect homogenate (in vitro). Each single reporter strain was tested on differential fluorescence induction in presence of insect homogenate. In the left panel, the genes or operons located downstream of the promoters tested are listed, along with putative functions for the gene products (middle panel). At the right panel, the fluorescence induction factors in presence of G. mellonella insect homogenate are shown. Enhanced activity is emphasized by bold numbers. Experimental standard deviation of at least three independent measurements is presented (in brackets).