From: Retrocopy contributions to the evolution of the human genome
Parent Gene/Retro | Fig | Evolutionary Event | Evidence of Expression | Human | Chimp | Orangutan | Rhesus | Marmoset |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MARK2/FLJ25758 | 2A | Out of frame | 4 mRNAs and 4 ESTs | 81 aa | 81 aa | 81 aa | 96 aa | n |
KRT18/FLJ40504 | 2B | Human specific, 2 exons: first out of the blue and second from antisense retro | 3 spliced mRNAs, 10 spliced ESTs | 259 aa | stop after 114 aa | truncated to 152 aa by f/s, frame shift in ATG disrupts ORF | first exon in sequencing gap f/s 2 stops | n |
RPL13A/NM_203308 | 2C | 3 coding exons: first from MIR, second unknown source, third from antisense retrocopy | 1 spliced mRNAs, 5 spliced ESTs | 170 aa | 170 aa | y 134 aa early stop, exon1,2 open | partially deleted in rhesus | stop in first 10% of ORF |
HMG2/c15ORF21 | 2D | C-terminal exon from retro (partially out of frame), first coding exon from LTR | 2 spliced mRNAs, 2 spliced ESTs | 172 aa | Disrupted | Disrupted | 4 stop codons, 1st at 10 aa. | y 72 aa due to f/s. |
HMG2/c15ORF21 | 2D | C-terminal coding exonfrom retro (partially out-of-frame), first coding exon from L2 LINE | 4 spliced mRNAs, 17 spliced ESTs | 163 aa | Disrupted | Disrupted | 4 stop codons, 1st at 10 aa. | y 63 aa due to f/s. |
HMG2/c15ORF21 | 2D | Out-of-frame sense retrocopy | 4 spliced mRNAs, 17 spliced ESTs | 150 aa | Disrupted | Disrupted | 4 stop codons, 1st at 10 aa. | y 56 aa due to f/s. |
RPL7A/Q9BR82 | 2E | Novel primate specific gene candidate, peri centromeric | 1 spliced mRNA, 20 spliced ESTs | 89 aa | y 86 aa | Check transMap | y but part of gene inverted | Not assembled |
NAP1L1/CT47 | 2F | Primate specific cancer testis gene candidate. Swiss-Prot Q5JQC4 | 1 spliced mRNA, 10 spliced ESTs | 288 aa | seq gap in chimp | 291 aa about 80% common with human (ensembl) | y good ORF 15 bp multiple of 3 indel. | 287 aa |
RCN1/AF318337 | 2G | Antisense retrocopy combined with Alu | 1 spliced mRNA, 3 spliced ESTs | 123 aa | y 127 aa | n AluY and retro are missing | n | n |
RCN1/AK127569 | 2G | Antisense retrocopy combined with Alu | 2 spliced mRNAs, > 20 spliced ESTs | 61 aa | y 60 aa | n AluY and retro are missing | n | n |
LOC116236 c20ORF91 | 2H | Novel gene candidate with 4 coding exons: first from LTR, second and forth unknown sources and third from antisense retrocopy | 2 spliced mRNAs, 3 spliced ESTs | 154 aa | chimp not assembled in this region | y retro exon is open (assembly not complete) | n | n |
SNAG1/FLJ25328 | 2I | Human specific | 5 spliced mRNAs, 13 spliced ESTs | 205 aa | y 5 stops | y good ORF but gap (or deletion) in first 50aa | y 107 aa, starts later in first exon | y multi exon gene unknown ORF |
c18ORF24/FLJ13355 | 2J | Novel 2 exon gene mostly from LINE and antisense retrocopy | 4 spliced mRNAs, 6 spliced ESTs | 154 aa | y but stop codon after 30 aa | y 137 aa includes LINE | y but short 78 aa | LINE not present |
c18ORF24/FLJ13355 | 2J | Novel 2 exon gene mostly from LINE and antisense retrocopy | 1 spliced mRNA, 4 spliced ESTs | 147 aa | y but stop codon after 30 aa | y 127 aa includes LINE | y but short 78 aa | LINE not present |
IQCK/FLJ32894 | 2K | Antisense novel gene, possible NMD | 1 spliced mRNA, 2 unspliced mRNA, 4 ESTs | 166 aa | y 169 aa | y 169 aa | early in frame stop | n |