Table 1 Fish growth, morphological and biochemical parameters, and whole body and muscle lipid content

2.57 ± 0.04

2.67 ± 0.05

2.37 ± 0.01

2.52 ± 0.03

p = 0.011

p = 0.043

p = 0.64

73.0 ± 2.9

92.4 ± 2.9

57.8 ± 2.0

77.4 ± 2.5

p = 10 ^-4

p = 10 ^-4

p = 0.66

9.5 ± 0.2

15.3 ± 1.1

10.8 ± 0.5

15.2 ± 1.0

p = 10 ^-4

p = 0.27

p = 0.16

1.3 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.3

p = 0.14

p = 0.99

p = 0.33

8.3 ± 0.8^c

12.4 ± 1.3^a

7.7 ± 0.9^d

11.0 ± 1.9^b

p = 10 ^-4

p = 10 ^-4

p = 0.003

4.3 ± 0.8^c

6.4 ± 1.2^b

6.3 ± 1.2^b

10.1 ± 2.3^a

p < 10 ^-4

p < 10 ^-4

p = 0.003

5.52 ± 0.77

4.38 ± 1.31

5.74 ± 0.84

4.83 ± 1.31

p < 10 ^-4

p = 0.03

p = 0.47

81.42 ± 6.68

80.90 ± 5.61

81.34 ± 6.16

81.01 ± 5.71

p = 0.61

p = 0.97

p = 0.91