Figure 4

Adaptive changes in metabolic processes in the liver during fasting as analyzed by MetaCore™ software. A) The gene content imported to MetaCore™ is aligned between the time points. The parameters for comparison are ≥ 1.4 fold change and P < 0.01, and the annotation allowed for 56% of such genes to be linked. The unique genes changed at each of the time points are marked as colored bars (orange, blue and red for 12, 24 and 72 hours, respectively). The set of common genes, changed in all three conditions, is shown in blue-white hatching. The middle white box represents the similar genes (present in 2 out of 3 data points). The upper panel represents differentially regulated genes in all three time points of fasting, while the lower one shows uniquely and commonly differentially expressed genes for 12 and 24 hours of fasting. B) Four groups of metabolic processes changed significantly in response to fasting, with the response of all peaking at 24 hours. The Y-axis shows the significance of change, while the X-axis represents duration of fasting. The P-values of the pathways are calculated using the hypergeometric distribution, where the P-value represents the probability of a particular mapping arising by chance, given the numbers of genes in the set of all genes in pathways, genes in a particular pathway, and genes in the present experiment. The pathways are grouped into processes as defined in MetaCore™ (version 4.3, build 9787). The dotted line represents the 0.05 significance threshold.