Figure 1

Experimental design of RNA-seq analysis. Upper part shows an illustration of the reproductive cycle in D. pulex WTN6 strain and sampling method for RNA-seq. The space between dotted lines indicates the methyl farnesoate (MF)-sensitive period for male offspring production by exogenous methyl farnesoate MF treatment (40–60 h after ovulation). At 50 h after ovulation, all daphnids were sacrificed and prepared as two kinds of samples; the ovary and whole body (A). Bar graph indicates the proportion of male-producing mothers by photoperiod changes and exogenous MF administration (B).